Bull Terrier breed guide

These unique eggheads are exuberant, muscular companions that thrive on affection and exercise. Early socialization with dogs and people is the first of AKC's four keys to Bull Terrier happiness.

The breed has the tenacity and courage of the Bulldog but belongs to the Terrier Group: an independent free-thinker with a higher commitment to fun and games than to work, in AKC's words.

Bull Terriers live 12 to 13 years. AKC asks owners of potential breeding dogs to show proof of testing for kidney and heart issues. Hearing tests are advised for young dogs before they leave the breeder.

Dedicated breeders share information and work together for breed health. Bull Terriers from good breeders who health-test usually become healthy, happy family members.

The short, flat, harsh, glossy coat needs minimal maintenance: a weekly brushing with a soft-bristle brush or hound glove removes dirt and loose hair. Nails should be trimmed often because overly long nails cause problems.

Daily moderate exercise that supplies mental and physical stimulation, such as long walks with the family, suits the Bull Terrier. It was developed for sport as well as to be a gentleman's companion. Obedience, tracking and agility give it an outlet.

AKC calls it an irony that some of its most amiable breeds began as ferocious gladiators in blood sports. Bull-baiting, in which Bulldogs were turned loose on a staked bull while spectators bet, was popular in Britain from the 13th century until blood sports with animals were outlawed in the 1830s.

The taste for such spectacles went underground. The Bull Terrier descends from that era.