Bullmastiff breed guide

After size, the large broad head conveys the breed's essence: dark eyes, high-set V-shaped ears and a broad deep muzzle that present the intelligence, alertness and confidence of a world-class protector and family companion.

The breed may be quite strong willed, so AKC says rules and routines should be set early and adhered to as the dog grows up.

Bullmastiffs live 7 to 9 years. AKC says the dog must be mentally and physically sound to do the work of a guard dog, so responsible breeders support the American Bullmastiff Association Health and Research Committee.

They screen breeding dogs for cardiac issues, hip and elbow dysplasia, hypothyroidism and eye problems.

Seasonal shedding is to be expected and unusual hair loss should be noted as a possible problem. A balanced diet and a healthy environment matter most for coat health and frequent grooming keeps shedding in check.

Bullmastiffs enjoy daily exercise: some are sedentary and others very active, but moderate exercise should be encouraged. Brisk walks and outdoor play are favorites and secure fencing is a must to keep the dog contained and strangers safe.

During the mid to late 19th century the vast English estates and game preserves of the aristocracy were irresistible to poachers. A poacher caught faced severe penalties, perhaps the death penalty, so a cornered one might shoot it out with the gamekeeper.

A breed historian wrote that penalties were severe yet poaching seemed impossible to eradicate by laws and gamekeepers needed a dog to meet the threat.